La Salud Mental del Paciente y la Duración de la Estancia Hospitalaria en el Servicio de Urgencias en México
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Resumen
Introducción. Varios estudios internacionales han señalado la relación entre diversos problemas de salud mental con el número de reingresos y tiempo de estancia hospitalaria en pacientes de urgencias médicas.
Objetivo. Se evaluó la relación entre la salud mental y el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria en pacientes hospitalizados en un departamento de urgencias médicas de la Ciudad de México. De igual manera, se evaluaron los niveles de ansiedad, depresión, riesgo suicida, número de reingresos y tiempo de estancia hospitalaria en urgencias médicas.
Método. Se trató de un estudio transversal que se desarrolló entre el 2017 y 2020; participaron 236 pacientes hospitalizados en un hospital general de la Ciudad de México. Se aplicaron tres instrumentos con propiedades psicométricas a la población a evaluar. De igual forma, se revisaron los expedientes de los pacientes para identificar el número de reingresos, así como el tiempo de estancia en urgencias.
Resultados. El tiempo promedio de hospitalización fue de 69.6 horas (Desviación Estándar [SD] = 65.68) y el promedio de reingresos fue de .4 (SD = .88). En relación con las variables emocionales, se obtuvo que el 50% de la población hospitalizada presentaba sintomatología ansiosa, 54% presentó sintomatología depresiva y el 8.3% de los pacientes presentó un riesgo suicida moderado/alto acorde con el instrumento MINI. No se encontraron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre las variables de estudios.
Discusión y conclusión. Parece no haber una relación entre la salud mental y el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria. Se discuten los porcentajes y las implicaciones de los datos obtenidos.
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